Saturday, August 31, 2019

Sample Financial Plan Description

We have created a financial plan to help you retire at the age of 62 and afford to send your son, Sam, to college. After looking at the information you gave us regarding your income and expenses, we came up with the best solution for your financial future. We’ve picked out profitable mutual funds for your son’s college, as well as retirement investments. We also have found different methods of saving money for your retirement and future education for your son. We believe that there will be a great benefit to having a financially stable future. We understand with Sam attending a four-year university, the cost will be great along with the need for saving money for this to work financially. Grand Valley State University will provide an excellent education for your son, along with benefiting him for his future. Overall, it will cost $189,750 to attend Grand Valley State University for four years. We do, however, understand that the cost to attend the university may concern you at first, but there are methods of assistance that are available, such as investments and savings plans. Investing in specific funds, with good performance history, will have a huge advantage in acquiring the money for your son to go to college. We strongly advise investing a portion of your discretionary income into mutual funds. Your discretionary income would be the amount of your income that is left over, after taxes and expenses have been paid. Investing in mutual funds, rather than other investment options, will eliminate the stress and difficultly of trying to time the market. We invested 46% of your discretionary income into four different types of mutual funds, which will provide diversification for your investments. Using a MET and/or a MESP savings plan will create many advantages that will benefit you in sending your son to college. Both, the MET and MESP savings plan, are 529 plans. These are tax-advantaged savings plans specifically designed to encourage saving for future college costs. You are not able to withdraw money that is invested into a 529 plan unless it is an eligible college expense. We feel as though it is a benefit for most because it allows the money to amass without disturbance. The Michigan Education Trust (MET) is a way to help pay tuition and mandatory fees at Michigan public colleges. The plan allows for years of college tuition to be purchased for the future use of a student at today’s price. For example, you could buy four years of tuition now at 2011 prices, which would be $189,750, for Sam to use when he enters college in 2028. Some advantages the MET offers are a state tax deduction and a tax-free growth. The only thing that we want to bring to your attention is that you only have fifteen years to use the tuition benefits, unlike the MESP, which has no expiration date. The Michigan Education Savings Plan (MESP) is an advantageous way to allow your family to save for the expenses that come along with college. The MESP is a 529 college savings plan which allows families to save for tuition, room & board, mandatory fees, equipment, and required books for any qualified institution in the nation and some abroad. When the student is ready to use the funds in the MESP, whatever has been accumulated is what they have to work with. Some benefits of the MESP include: a state tax deduction, tax-free growth, and it allows for unused benefits to be transferred between members of the same family. We would recommend this plan over the MET to your family. The MET will cover tuition fees; although, it lacks the flexibility to pay for other related expenses, such as books, supplies, and other miscellaneous items. A mutual fund is an investment in which a company brings together money from many investors and invests it in stocks, bonds or other assets. Mutual funds are a good long-term investment, such as for your retirement. The risk level depends on the type of mutual fund it is. In your case, we chose the mutual fund with the best performance out of each different type. We recommend taking the remaining portion of your discretionary income, which would be 54%, and invest it just as we did for your son’s education. Mutual funds that are properly diversified will have investment dollars spread equally among four different classes of financial assets. We invested the remaining portion of your discretionary income into the same four mutual funds that were used for your college savings. We chose to invest in an international mutual fund, the New World Fund, which has a 9. 55% rate of return. We also chose an aggressive growth mutual fund, the SMALLCAP World Fund, which has a 9. 62% rate of return. Thirdly, we invested in a growth mutual fund with a 13. 63% rate of return, known as the Growth Fund of America. And lastly, we chose a Growth and Income mutual fund, the Capital World Growth and Income Fund, with has an 11. 17% rate of return. When diversifying the money in which you would like to invest, the smartest decision that you could make would be to invest in the four mutual funds that I just stated or funds that fit into each of the four different classes. This helps to reduce risk, such as if a couple securities in the mutual fund lose value and that loss could compensate for other securities that appreciate in value. When reaching the retirement age you can then transfer your gained revenue from all four of your mutual funds and place it into a bond fund. Bond mutual funds are designed mostly to provide investors with a steady stream of income versus capital gains. These funds are debt securities, or IOUs, which are issued with a promise of repayment on a certain date at a specified rate of interest. For your financial plan, all of your gained revenue was placed into a bond mutual fund as soon as you retired, therefore liquidating your riskier assets. Using this bond fund, you are earning a 5% interest every year. For example, the first year of retirement, after removing your yearly expenses, you will have $678,785 to place in your bond fund. At the end of the year, with the 5% interest rate of return on bond fund, you will have profited $1,139. 70 throughout the year, even after your expenses. We recommend that you invest in at least one retirement savings plan, such as a 401k or a Roth IRA, to securely save for retirement. It is a good idea to look into different savings plans, rather than make a hasty decision, because everyone benefits from a different savings plan, depending on their situation. In your case, the Roth IRA or 401k will be the most beneficial. With both of these retirement savings plans there are tax breaks that will benefit you. These savings plans are greatly used in America to help save for retirement nowadays. Each savings plan offers different advantages for couples saving for retirement. A 401k is a retirement savings plan for employees in which a desired amount of your check is taken out before tax deductions and placed into your 401k account. We understand that you have a pension plan through work, but your wife does not. This type of savings plan would be a great way to save for retirement. 401k is the favorite plan for corporate America today, due to its many advantages. Many employers will match, up to a certain percentage, the amount in which you place into your 401k. Invisible savings is one of the biggest advantages to the 401k savings plan. The money saved is taken directly out of you check weekly, even before the income tax is withdrawn. In doing so, this makes the money seem invisible to your eyes, and to your financial pocket book. There are other beneficial savings plans available, which can be used along with the 401k. Roth IRA’s are after- tax IRA’s. They grow tax free and offer many more choices than the normal IRA. Roth IRA’s are a good choice when it comes to saving for retirement. Even though you contribute after-tax dollars into a Roth IRA, all withdraws are completely tax free if you are over the age of 59 ? and have had the account for 5 years. With Roth IRA’s, unlike a tradition IRA or a 401k plan, there are no required minimum distributions. Direct contributions can be withdrawn at any time as well. Roth IRA’s can be set up on top of already existing retirement plans; as well the assets can be passed onto beneficiaries after death, therefore leaving an inheritance for your family. We are sure that we have supplied you with a detailed overview in helping you to be financially secure now and in the future. In taking the advice that we have given you with these many different investment ideas, you will find yourself more than content financially. We can guarantee that down the road, you will not have to worry about your financial status. Although in actuality, it is important to remember that building wealth takes time. However, the acquisition of your financial contentment will be well worth your time. We hope, here at L&N Financial Planning, that providing you with this letter will give you the financial peace of mind that you and your family deserve.

Social Evil

Sample essay on Social Evils Still Persist in our society Social evils are prevalent in almost all the backward countries. Surprising enough that India, a country proud of her ancient culture is no exception to it. Conservatism and fundamentalism apart there are certain customs that smear the face of this ancient land that is trying to build a modern image in the world. Go to any part of the country you will find something going on you'll be ashamed of. Even some good customs have taken a woeful course.There Was a time girls having taste in dance and music offered themselves to the cult of devadasis in prestigeoiis temples throughout the country. They were virgins and dedicated their lives to the deity in the temple. They were respected by the whole society. Muslim invasions are responsible for the demolition of a large number of temples in the North and North West. With them the very institution of devadasis disappeared. But it still persists in a few districts of Maharashtra and Ka mataka. Ire rate between the age of 7 and 14 are offered to be bride of goddess Yellamma a Saundathi temple in Belgaum district.According to a rough estimate abort 5000 are still offered on full moon day during the month of Magh every year. Gradually a vicious belief has come up that the devadasis are maids to please Parashuram who lives in all men. A devadasi dare not displease Parashuram. What an obnoxious design to exploit the girls sexually. Most of these poor girls join the red light area (prostitute market in Mumbai and its suburbs. Bonded labor is another social stigma on our face. The poor in rural areas (both men and women) are lured by contractors' men to have a job.They are given a few hundred rupees and sign a document making them bonded labor. They are taken to distant places to work in construction: rework or kilns. The women and small boys and girls are sexually assaulted too. Many of the boys are sold again and again. They hardly know where they belong to. Although B andhua Mazdoor Mukti SanghofSwami Agnivesi got a very large number of these slave laborers free many are still there the net. The prey of the custom of devadasis and bonded laborers are general illiterate scheduled caste or scheduled tribe people from rural areas.But those girls who suffer because of the evil custom of dowry belong to all sections of the society both in rural and urban areas in almost all the state; the evil that started from the North has engulfed the whole of South too. Today the more educated a boy is the bigger the demand of dowry too. Thousands of girls who are harassed for not bringing sufficient dowry either commit suicide or are burnt alive by the in-laws or the husbands themselves. Caste system might have served the purpose of maintaining certain – discipline in the society when it was based on profession and not on birth.Today its proliferation into more than 5000 castes from four and that toe based on birth has become the gravest evil. It is respon sible for the stratification in the society the upper castes are harassing the lower castes. It took the lower castes more than a millennium to assert themselves. Today they are up in arms against the so called upper castes—3000 against 2000. What a game? Caste consciousness has gained over national consciousness. It seems the social evil that was taken for granted in the past may bring a storm that will rip open the very basis of unity.Reservations for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and backward classes may not be able to check the reaction in the minds of the lower castes against the upper ones who still consider the former as pariah. The disparity can be removed only by giving all equal status. The so called upper castes are not giving it even today—of course at the cost of their own safety in the times to come. Woman is wary of the design of the ojha if you go to a tribal village. He may declare you a witch and the villagers may kill you in their own cruel desi gn. A large number of tribal women suffer from this agony every year.Don't educate the tribal's and the scheduled castes and this is what you get. Male Chauvinism and child marriages are the two social diseases that are 110 less harmful than AIDS itself. AIDS attacks a person who has . committed a folly or has been wrongly injected. Children are married at an they are not conscious of what is going on with them. Thousands of children become a prey to this evil on the day of Akshaya Tritiya in many areas of Rajasthan. Many children become widow before becoming girls. Their whole life becomes a hell. Male Chauvinism too is no less a social evil.Males have been dominating females throughout the world. It does not mean it is not an evil. In India—specially in the rural areas—women are worse even than the domestic animals. It is a social evil for it doesn't allow the development of an egalitarian society that is the basis of a democracy. Moreover if a woman is ‘ Ardha ngani' (half part) it is rather queer half part exploiting the other half. How can the health of the nation be maintained that way? Essay – 1 Indian society is one of the oldest societies. It has got its own customs and traditions.Some of them are very old. They do not suit the present times. Times go on changing. We must also change our customs and traditions to keep pace with the times. Some of our customs are not only useless but are also obstacles in the way of social progress. It is, therefore, essential that they must be changed. The older must change giving place to the new; I will introduce the following social reforms, if ever I become the minister of social welfare. Our marriage customs must be reformed, Child-marriage and early marriage have no place in social life today.Boys and girls must be given some say in the selection of their partners. I will pass a law which make dowry hunting a legal offence. I will allow no business in the form of marriage, as this is a great social curse. This will be my first reform. Now-a-days we do not get the necessities of life in pure condition. Milk, ghee, butter, oil, etc. all are sold adulterated. Not only food stuffs, but medicines, toilet goods and their articles also are mixed with inferior and cheaper substances. This amounts to the cheating of the people. This is a social crime.I will make all possible efforts to curb this nefarious trade. The people will be ensured the supply of pure and unadulterated goods. In our society, drinking is becoming common. There is also drug addiction on a large scale. Then evil effects of such habits are too well known to need any discussion. Society must be saved from this social curse. I will educate the people against these evils as well as pass laws against them. When I become the minister for social welfare, this social reform will receive my urgent attention. Man and woman are the two wheels of the social cart.Both of them must be equally strong. But in our socie ty women are illiterate. They are kept in ‘purdah’. They are denied their due rights. Illiteracy is most wide-spread among women. I will pay special attention towards female education. This will remove many evils from society. Purdah will come to an end. Women will become equal partners with men in the work of the development of the country. Untouchability is a curse. We treat a large section of our people, as if they were animals. I will do my utmost to eradicate this social evil. Public opinion shall be educated against it.The condition of the untouchables shall be improved. Food prices have been raising for sometime past, one of the main causes of this is the hoarding of food grains. There is acute shortage of a number of essential commodities. To earn huge profits, businessmen hoard the necessities of life. This causes great hardship to the people. I will introduce legislation to check hoarding with the greatest zeal and effort. Hoarders, black marketers and profite ers would be severely dealt with. These are but the most important of the social reforms which have been long overdue.Besides these, there are many other social evils like child labour, gambling, wastage of food etc. , on the occasion of marriages and other social ceremonies etc. I will introduce reform in these spheres also. Social reforms are urgently needed. There can be no two opinions about this. Others have also made efforts in this direction. But the results have not been very encouraging. I will give top priority to social reforms. Effective laws will be framed. Public opinion will be created in support of these reforms. Administration will be made strict.Then alone will success be achieved. Note: This essay can also be used for the topics like: †¢ If I Were The minister of Social reform Or of Social Welfare of My State †¢ Some Social Evils and Their Reform Essay -2 The social evils and superstitions that had crept in the society over the centuries made social refo rms imperative for the development of the society and the masses. In the 19th century, the newly educated persons increasingly revolted against rigid social conventions and outdated customs. They could no longer tolerate irrational and de-humanising social practices.Moreover, the backward features of Indian society, such as the caste system or inequality of the sexes had religious sanctions in the past. Therefore, it was necessary to reform religious practices as well. The condition of women was pathetic. The various religions practised in India as well as the personal laws based on them consigned women to a status inferior to that of men. Polygamy, Purdah system, sort, ban on widow remarriage, no education for female child, female infanticide, child marriages were some of the evils that had vice—like grip over the society.It thus became necessary to take the women out of this degraded position and help her to realise her true potential. The problems of female feoticide, sexu al harassment at workplace, education are so diverse that they need sound financial backing, all these social evils centre around the petty and marginalized conditions of women in the society. We need to combat evils like the glorification of sati places as pilgrimages, dowry system, girl feoticide, decline in sex ratio, harassment of women etc. This can be achieved by educating the woman and making her financially independent.Rajasthan has been in the news recently and for all the wrong reasons. First, it was tigers disappearing, then it was a guidebook that referred to sati-sites as tourist destinations, and then it was child marriages. The legal age for marriage in India is 18 years for women and 21 years for men. Any marriage of a person younger than this is banned in India under the Child Marriage Prevention Act of 1929. But child marriages still take place in India; particularly around the Hindu holy day of Akshya Tritiya (also knows as Akha Teej).Yet, it is a religious tradit ion in many places in India and therefore, difficult to change. People feel that traditions are valuable and should not be changed, especially religious traditions, since changing these would amount to asking people not to practise their religion, a fundamental principle of democracy. Dowry in India, the practice of endowing the groom by the bride's family, is a tradition, which has changed its intentions from giving a gift to demanding for astronomical amounts which has bankrupted lots of families and made many girls either to commit suicide or being murdered.Bride-price, which is the endowment to the bride’s clan, which is widely practised in Papua New Guinea, too, has changed from the earlier intentions thereby making it a business. Moral and ethical concerns of the society weigh a great deal with those in public life as their behaviour is keenly watched by the people. At concerned quarters, views are being expressed over the general decline of values in public life. There is a general feeling that all is not well with our socio-political system which is functioning under a great strain.In such a situation, the representatives of the people have to set high standards of behaviour in public life. Members of Parliament have not only to represent the society but have also to lead it. Therefore, they have to function as the role models and this naturally casts on them a heavy responsibility. Our freedom fighters and national leaders had set high ethical and moral standards in public life and they followed those principles scrupulously. This tendency, it is painfully observed, is now on a decline.There has been a wide and critical collapse of moral values in all walks of life and a perilous decline in the human dimension in global, political and trade relations and national economy. Development has culminated in widespread discontent, corruption, unemployment, violence, communal and racial discord and much human distress, destruction and disillusionment. Barring this, the caste system, which had its roots in religion, is another curse in society. Though not so rigid in urban areas, it is still practised in rural areas with the same zeal.Caste determines man's marriage, social circle and profession. The untouchables suffer from numerous disabilities and restrictions. His dresses, food, place of residence, all are degraded. Not only is it humiliating and inhuman and based on anti-democratic principle of inequality by birth, it is a cause of social disintegration. Thus, it has to be fought against. Another problem that our society faces is the rapid criminalisation of the polity, that could be the result of the fact that criminals have understood the mechanics of the electoral process and have themselves become contenders for power.Earlier, politicians patronised criminals and provided them protection from the law-enforcement agencies in exchange for the use of their muscle power during elections. And now it is the opposite-with the cr iminals themselves taking over the reigns of power and patronising the « politicians and their parties. Of late, there is an increasing exposure of the criminals in the! Governing system of the country, to the extent that it alienates the common people for power. The criminalisation of politics is a reflection of, and a factor that aggravates the crisis of the political system.Only a qualitative change that transforms the system from its very roots can resolve this crisis in favour of the people. In the rural economy, both unemployment and under employment exist side by side and the distinction between them is by no means sharp. In the rural areas, increasing population implies an increasing pressure on land. This pressure on land has resulted in an increase in the number of agriculturists, and this has largely contributed to the problem of unutilised labour or disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector. A large labour force accumulates around primary occupations.A general in elasticity of occupational structure prevents any large movement away from these in periods of slack demand. This leads to seasonal unemployment also. In short, the major feature of rural unemployment is the existence of unemployment in the form of disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment rather than open unemployment that exists in the urban areas. Idol worship, superstitions, Brahmanical or clergy superiority, all had to be fought against, for all the social practices finding sanction in religion. Yet a lot needs to be done to eradicate from the shreds a number of social evils still haunting our society.

Alcoholism results in health problems

Alcoholism can be described as a psychiatric disorder and nearly fourteen percent of the people suffer from this disorder. Generally this disorder is accompanied by various other psychological disorders such as anxiety, unstable mental condition and a deviant personality.Alcoholism results in health problems that could result in death and it is usually not identified in the traditional clinics (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).At present, the availability of screening instruments is of great help in recognizing that problem of drinking, which is known as the pre – alcoholism condition.The mortality rate due to alcohol is estimated at a hundred thousand deaths per annum. Moreover, alcohol abuse accounts for morbidity and mortality. Some of the other disadvantages associated with alcohol abuse are social and legal problems, violence and accidents (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).Dependence on alcohol is on the increase and it leads to the abuse of alcohol. The pro blem of alcohol abuse is not restricted only to men but is also present in women. Therefore it can be concluded that the incidence of alcoholism is increasing in society irrespective of the sex of the person concerned. Alcoholism starts as a habit in adolescence and forty percent of alcoholics develop it between the ages of fifteen years and nineteen years (Helzer JE, 1991).Alcoholism has been recognized to be more prevalent in males since the number of male alcoholics is more than that of females. However, the research conducted by Oregon Health & Science University and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center reveals that female alcoholics are more susceptible to undergo damage of the cells in the brain due to alcohol abuse than male alcoholics (Alcohol Abuse More Likely To Cause Brain Damage In Females, 2007 ).Alcohol controls the central nervous system and acts as a depressant, consequently, the consumption of large amounts of alcohol would result in the inhibition of excitatory centers in the brain. Some of the indications of alcohol abuse are impairment of rational thinking, deprivation of motor coordination in the body, cirrhosis of the liver, presence of peptic ulcers, gastritis, pancreatitis and carcinoma. A few examples of the cardiovascular effects of the abuse of alcohol are hypertension and cardiomyopathy (Amy Cohagan, 2005 ).Alcohol inhibits neurological activities and results in peripheral neuropathy which could lead to ataxia, wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff psychosis and brain damage and dementia. Male alcoholics generally suffer from impotency caused by the deficit of the testosterone hormone, which is inhibited by alcohol.This hormonal deficiency results in testicular atrophy and gynecomastia. In females, fetal alcohol syndrome could occur, which damages the fetus and thus the new born would be at risk of suffering from mental retardation, facial deformity and other neurologic problems (Amy Cohagan, 2005 ).Society can prevent alcoholism t o a major extent by prohibiting advertisements pertaining to alcoholic beverages and by severely restricting their availability. In addition, physicians can appraise their patients about the pitfalls of consuming alcohol (Goodwin).The modern day world is beset with the scourge of alcohol abuse, especially in the developed world. The worst fallout of alcoholism is the increasing addiction in adolescents and young adults, because it engenders an increase in the loss of life. Moreover, traffic accidents increase exponentially due to drunken driving.Doctors, employers, society and a person’s family constitute a number of important social groups that can contribute to a major extent in preventing a person from becoming an alcoholic. This is due to the fact that family members have a greater influence and are therefore eminently suited to highlight the dangers inherent in becoming an alcoholic. Moreover, it is possible for employers to employ economic and compassionate strategies t o discourage this malaise.ReferencesAlcohol Abuse More Likely To Cause Brain Damage In Females. ( 2007 , July 30 ). Retrieved August 14, 2007, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/77987.phpAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.Amy Cohagan, D. ( 2005 , March 16). Alcohol and Substance Abuse Evaluation. Retrieved August 14, 2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic20.htmGoodwin, D. W. (n.d.). Attacking the problem. Retrieved August 14, 2007, from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hxh&AN=7553701&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-liveHelzer JE, B. A. (1991). Alcohol abuse and dependence. Psychiatric disorders in America: the epidemiological catchment area study , New York: Maxwell Macmillan International,81-115.

Expect the unexpected

Expect the UnexpectedMany people in the universe get distracted with something they may want. This is no exclusion for Sammy, the supporter, in â€Å" A & A ; P † by John Updike. Sammy works at the A & A ; P food market narrative and he sees something unexpected while he is working. The unexpected distraction causes him to make thing he did non intend to make which causes him to believe about things at the incorrect clip and do errors that did non necessitate to be made. Updike examines and shows the impact of one ‘s environment based on one ‘s determinations as shown by Sammy ‘s actions that he has made in the narrative. Throughout the narrative, Sammy thinks about three misss that walk into the A & A ; P shop while he is working. He gets distracted because of the fact that they are have oning merely bathing suits. While they walk, Sammy visualizes each miss up and down and seems to acquire phantasies while believing about them. This causes him to do a error while working at the check-out procedure line and the witch-like lady in her 1950ss gets huffy and give Sammy problem because he rang up â€Å" HiHo † crackers twice, â€Å" I pealing it up once more and the client starts giving me snake pit. She ‘s one of these cash-register-watchers, a enchantress about 50 with paint on her zygomatic bones and no superciliums, and I know it made her twenty-four hours to trip me up†¦ † ( 16 ) . Sammy can non concentrate while believing about the three misss who cause his actions and his ideas to clash with each other in the incorrect manner. As it can be seen, Sammy ‘s concentratio n alterations every bit shortly as he sees something unexpected. His desires catch his heads and he does non cognize what to make as he is non able to believe directly. Equally shortly as she finishes up with the lady, he starts to believe about the three misss once more and starts watching them as they go through the food market shop. He noticed one of the misss and dubbed her Queenie, because she seemed like she was the leader of the group as she was in front leading and noticed her the most. He names one of the other misss Plaid because she is have oning a plaid green two-piece bathing suit. He names the last miss Big Tall Goony-Goony because of the fact that she was large and tall. Sammy watches Queenie as she presented herself and noted her physical visual aspect. He describes her face, characteristics, how she walked, and how she goes through the isle and visualizes things. He still is in aghast how the misss are in merely bathing suits and was believing why they did non set on a shirt or some places. He shortly thinks about how he likes the organic structures on the misss and how thick they are. As the narrative goes on, Lengel, the director, comes and confronts the misss and tells them that following clip that come into the A & A ; P food market shop that they should have on shirts and places. The misss thought that they were nice when they came into the shop but the director did non desire to reason with them stating that it is policy. Equally shortly as that happens, they seem embarrassed and looked like they were in a haste to go forth A & A ; P. Sammy tells Lengel that he did non hold to abash them like that. Lengel explains to Sammy that the misss were the one abashing the shop for what they were have oning. After that, Sammy says he quits in order to catch the misss ‘ attending as they hurry out the shop because he did non like the manner Lengel embarrassed them, â€Å" The misss, and who ‘d fault them, are in a haste to acquire out, so I say â€Å" I quit † to Lengel quick plenty for them to hear, trusting they ‘ll halt and watch me, their u nsuspected hero†¦ † ( 20 ) . Lengel ask Sammy if he is certain because Sammy knows that his parents will be really defeated to hear that he discontinue his occupation. Equally shortly as he leaves the shop, he ca n't happen the misss anyplace. It is as if the misss left no presence of them coming to the A & A ; P. When Sammy looks back at the shop, Lengel is in Sammy ‘s topographic point pealing up the remainder of the points for other people, and at that point Sammy starts to believe what is traveling to go on here after and how everyone will handle him, â€Å" Lengel in my topographic point in the slot, look intoing the sheep through. His face was dark grey and his dorsum stiff, as if he ‘d merely had an injection of Fe, and my tummy sort of fell as I felt how hard the universe was traveling to be to me afterlife†¦ † ( 20 ) . Sammy ‘s actions and his ideas collide which end up traveling at odds with each other which causes him to discontinu e merely to acquire some misss attending which did non go on at the terminal. Sammy like most other male childs thinks that they need to make something in order to catch some misss ‘ attending. Throughout the narrative, things did non travel the manner Sammy wanted it to travel. Actions and ideas interfere with each other doing him to do errors that did non necessitate be made. Not merely did he acquire a witch-like lady client to acquire huffy at him which causes her to give him hell but he besides quit his occupation so he can be noticed by the misss he admires which ended up non go oning. This can be seen as the struggle and the flood tide throughout the whole narrative. These actions Sammy makes cause him to do an impact on the environment and the people around him.Work CitedUpdike, John. â€Å" A & A ; P. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th Compact erectile dysfunction. New York: Longman, 2010. Pg.16-20. Small, Anne C. , and Robert C. Evans. â€Å" A & A ; P. † Short Fiction: A Critical Companion,1997. 252-255. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 20 Jan. 2010.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Utilizing Rubble From Demolition Of Buildings Construction Essay

The devastation of 1000s of edifices during World War II gave the people inquiries about what to make with the debris. It wasn t until the 70 s that the potency of rubble to be recycled was explored. Today, concrete is the most widely used edifice stuff in the universe. We use it for our houses, roads, edifices, Bridgess, and most of our constructions around the universe. Concrete after it s used, is sent straight to be disposed of in our landfills. With a batch of attending traveling into the health of our environment, we recycle points such as paper and plastics, to cut down our impact on the environment. We believe that by recycling concrete, non merely will our impact on the environment be reduced, but its economical advantages are adequate ground to recycle concrete. The intent of this paper is to educate ourselves and the reader about what we can make to cut down our impact on the environment by using rubble from destruction of edifices. Environmental Impact hypertext transfer protocol: //www.torontoenvironment.org/gravel/impacts To pull out virgin sums, we have to delve open-pit mines. The sums are so blasted out or delve out. The most common effects are dust, pollution, noise, deposit. The physical alteration to the environing land causes the most impact. All the flora must be removed doing a loss of wildlife and biodiversity. Improper technology leads to improper drainage which causes eroding. In some instances, H2O used to rinse the sums seep into the land and contaminate land H2O. After a prey is used, it is rehabilitated to be restored to its former status. A survey was done in Ontario and less than half of the land disturbed for aggregative production between 1992 and 2001 has really been rehabilitated. By utilizing recycled sums, we can cut down the demand to mine sums. We can utilize the energy that would otherwise be used for excavation, transporting, and processing, to recycle used concrete from dismantled constructions. Recycling concrete is a great alternate to disposing concrete. The usage of recycled concrete reduces the waste that would otherwise be dumped into landfills. The sum of solid wastes at a municipal landfill is comprised of 23 – 33 % of waste from destruction of edifices. Landfills don t acquire smaller. They will increase in size and cut down land that could be used for residential and commercial utilizations. Economicss of Recycled Concrete Concrete is the most widely used edifice stuff in the universe. Because we are extremely dependent on Concrete is cheaper to recycle than sent to landfills but there are restrictions on economic nest eggs. Location is a large factor when looking at the costs of recycling concrete. Typically, remote countries have really small to no entree to recycling sites raising transit costs. During our research, we found that there is a bound where the cost of haling to a recycling works exceeds the cost of dumping in a local landfill. Here in Lethbridge for illustration, it costs $ 22.25 per metric ton to dispose concrete debris in landfills. The nearest recycling works is in Calgary and would be 100s of dollars to transport the debris. Mobile concrete crushers can be used to recycle but they should merely be used on big undertakings. Portable crushers are non widely available in all parts of the state. In some instances, rental and labour costs would transcend dumping costs. Average trucking cost is $ 0.13/ton/km. Processing costs for the recycler costs between $ 2.76 and $ 6.61 per metric ton. The larger the works, the more efficient and more end product it produces. RCA merchandises sell for between $ 1 and $ 18 per cubic metre, with the higher terminal being in aggregate-poor countries. Natural aggregates usually sell for about $ 8. A large advantage of recycling is that you can bear down disposal fees to companies that want to dispose their concrete debris. The works can order the cost of this fee and compensate for the lower recycled sum monetary values. On the other manus, the cost of recycled concrete depends on market monetary values of virgin sums. Natural sums dominate the markets therefore they dictate the monetary values of RCA. Get downing a concrete recycling concern will necessitate an investing of $ 4.40 to $ 8.80 per metric ton of one-year capacity. USGS ( U.S. Geological Survey ) has done a thorough analysis on the costs of different sizes of recycling workss: Based on their research, a large factor that affects the feasibleness of get downing a recycling works depends on the sum of rubble that can be recycled. When a works is non runing near full capacity, the profitableness of the works reduces. It was found that little recycling workss will hold a tougher clip doing net incomes. Small workss are to a great extent affected by the altering market conditions. But they can increase tipping fees or increase merchandise monetary value to counterbalance for the little net incomes. But in most instances, merchandise pricing is out of control of the manufacturer. On the other manus, medium and big recycling workss are more profitable. Larger operations have lower operating costs ( table 4 ) and do non necessitate a tipping fee to hold a rate of return of 12 % . Uses About all edifices today are partially made of concrete. A large portion of recycling is what the stuff can be used for. There would be no point of recycling if there was no usage for the terminal merchandise. The most common manner of utilizing sum is utilizing it as a bed under roads called a bomber base. The crushed concrete provides extra strength to the foundation of the roadway. RCA can besides be used as pipe bedclothes for belowground public-service corporations such as sewerage and storm pipes. The RCA provides a stable foundation to put the pipes on. A job with utilizing RCA for structural class concrete is that the denseness of the aggregative depends on the denseness of the original concrete. In some instances, the denseness of howitzer reduces the strength of the sum. Typically, a mix of natural sums and recycled sums are used when RCA is used in structural class concrete. It was found that up to 20 % of RCA can be used before the compressive strength of the concrete is reduced. Before it is used in structural class concrete, it should be tested and it should run into certain specifications set by ASTM. Concrete made from RCA is typically used for low-rise edifices but its usage in big edifices is really limited. Recycled concrete is being used for kerb, acmes, pavements, and troughs. The decreased specifications allow the RCA-concrete to be used in constructions that don t require defying heavy tonss. Recycled concrete doesn t needfully hold to be used as an sum. Rubble can and has been reused for other intents in its natural province. Recycled concrete is comparatively inexpensive and abundant which makes it perfect for landscaping. Slabs of concrete can be shaped and used as pavers, while larger pieces can be stacked and laid with howitzer to be used as a retaining wall. Large pieces can besides be used as riprap. The riprap acts as a barrier and absorbs impact from moving ridges to cut down eroding along shorelines. It can protect constructions from harm where H2O eroding is a job. Noise barriers can be built in residential countries along main roads. The noise barrier can be built with RCA or it can be built similar to retaining walls to do it aesthetic. Reasons to Recycle Natural sums are unlimited. So why should we recycle? States like here in Canada have tremendous sums of natural resources. We will ne'er utilize all our resources but the distribution of resources around the universe is different. States like Japan have really limited sums of land. They rely to a great extent on importing natural stuffs. Location is a large factor. Preies can non be built anyplace. They have to be carefully planned and approved by the authorities before they can be built. Remote countries frequently have really small to no entree to raw stuffs so it s more executable to utilize what s already available. With increasing attending towards planetary heating authoritiess are puting ordinances to cut down CO2 emanations. Companies are under a batch of force per unit area to cut down those emanations. Recycling concrete allows us to avoid transit of stuffs which leads to less ingestion of fossil fuels. Recycled concrete has a C footmark 65 % less than tantamount merchandises from quarried rock. ( RMIT Life Cycle Analysis ) . If your company aims to cut down its environmental impact, recycling concrete is a great option. Companies are afraid that utilizing recycled sums will cut down the qualities of their merchandises. Recycling concrete is a reasonably new engineering so companies are disbelieving of its hereafter. When the word recycled is mentioned, it is assumed that the quality is reduced but that is non needfully true. Several research organisations have concluded that with proper mixtures, RCA can surpass natural sums in some ways. Another ground to recycle is because of market conditions. Landfill infinite is going scarce and municipal authoritiess are increasing landfill dumping costs. Recycling allows us to extinguish the landfill cost. In instances where portable workss are used, haling costs are besides eliminated. So non merely are you potentially salvaging money, you are besides cut downing the concrete that goes to landfills. Barriers hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pwri.go.jp/eng/activity/pdf/reports/kawano01.pdf As mentioned before, recycling concrete is new to the industry. Most companies have non been exposed to the new engineering and are still loath to give it a opportunity. It is a known fact that RCA has a lower quality than virgin sums. The quality varies from site to site. You will necessitate a batch of quality control proving to guarantee that the RCA will non cut down the quality of the concrete. This discrepancy in quality does present concerns about the quality of constructions being made. Most companies merely lack the experience with recycling and recycled merchandises. When new building methods are introduced, sufficient cognition is required to accomplish a high quality terminal merchandise. Future of recycling concrete We believe that recycling concrete is the hereafter of the industry. As clip goes, more people will be exposed to this engineering. The benefits far outweigh the disadvantages. It will be widely accepted in the hereafter whether its 5 old ages from now or 20 old ages from now. The procedure When edifices are demolished, much of the left over stuffs are comprised of concrete, wood, and rebar. The procedure begins after the edifice has been demolished. The reclaimable stuffs are trucked to the recycling works or a portable crusher is brought into the site. The chief equipment used is a crusher. The debris is fed into the crusher and the fragments of concrete are crushed into little pieces. The crushed pieces are put on a conveyer belt where it leads to a magnet. The magnet picks up the reinforcing from the crushed stuffs and separates it into its ain heap. Other stuffs such as wood are by and large removed by manus. The merchandise from the magnet is so screened and separated into separate sizes. The crushed debris goes through a screen mesh where desired sizes can fall through while larger pieces can be isolated. Depending on the specifications of sum required, the larger pieces can be sent to a secondary crusher where it can be crushed farther. The crushed pieces are separated into their ain hemorrhoids harmonizing to size. They are stockpiled until they are sold. There are multiple types of crushers to see: * Jaw Crushers comprised of two jaws ; one stationary and one moving. As the concrete moves down the home bases, the concrete is crushed into smaller pieces. The spacing between the undersides of the home bases ensures that merely little pieces make it through. The merchandise ranges between 4 -8 in diameter. These types of crushers can be used as a primary or a secondary crusher. * Impact Crushers Spinning rotors with bars or cocks fling the concrete into a solid home base doing the concrete to disintegrate into smaller pieces. The terminal merchandise is a 2 sum. These types of crushers can be used as a primary or a secondary crusher. * Cone Crushers – Concrete is crushed between two cone shaped home bases. Cone crushers can manage pieces no larger than 8 which makes it suited as a secondary crusher. The location of the undertaking affects the type of recycling workss to be considered. * Stationary workss These are the same as the aggregative workss we see today. They are fixed to one topographic point. The stuff is trucked into the works. Because they are stationary, they have no restrictions on the size of the operations. * Portable Recycling Plants These are by and large put on a human body and towed to the site. It remains stationary on site until it is moved to another location. * Mobile Recycling Plant These are towed to the site like portable recycling workss but they have paths which allow them to travel around the site. The type of works used should be based on the sum of stuff to be recycled and it s location from the nearest works. Stationary workss are more efficient at recycling big sums of concrete due to larger size of operation. Portable and nomadic recycling workss should merely be considered where there is a big distance between the site and the nearest recycling works. Features of Recycled Aggregate Concrete For the mixture design the same procedure is followed as if you would utilize virgin sum. You would hold to travel through test mixtures to acquire the right proportions and to look into the concrete quality. Excess attending should be made on the higher soaking up rate of the recycled sums, which influence would act upon the batch mixture. Blending H2O and workability Because of the high soaking up of the recycled sums more mixing H2O and a higher get downing slack may be needed. Recycled sums absorb H2O even after blending, so to antagonize this, the sum should be pre-wetted in their stock hemorrhoids. Water-cement ratio When get downing it may be assumed that the compressive strength is the same for if you would utilize virgin sum as recycled concrete sum. The recycled concrete should incorporate both class sum and natural sand and the water-cement ratio should be adjusted consequently if the compressive strength is lower than idea at first. Cement content Compared to conventional concrete, in recycled aggregative concrete there should be higher cement content because of the higher fee H2O demands for the recycled sum. Excess 5 % cement would be required when harsh sum and virgin mulcts are used, and an excess 15 % if both coarse and mulct recycled sums are used. Density and air content New concrete will hold a lower denseness runing from 5 % to 15 % . The natural air content might be a small higher so conventional concrete and an air-entraining alloy is added if freeze-thaw lastingness is required. Compressive Resistance The compressive opposition of recycled aggregate-concrete will be lower than that of concrete utilizing natural sums. A survey done by ECCO ( Environmental Council of Concrete Organizations ) concludes that recycled aggregative concrete will hold a 5 % -10 % decrease of compressive opposition. Features of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Gradation When the concrete debris is crushed, the produced sums are screened harmonizing to size. They are so separated to desired step. Like natural sums, they are separated into all right sums or coarse sums. Particle Shape and Size Recycled coarse sum is similar in atom form as crushed rock or natural sums. Fine and coarse sums are more angular which gives them a higher soaking up which lowers the workability of concrete. The sum of all right atoms ( & A ; lt ; 4.75mm in diameter ) is estimated to be 5-20 % of the entire volume of the RCA. Specific Gravity and Absorption The specific gravitation of RCA is much lower compared to natural sums. This is due to the cement and howitzer that held the old concrete together before it was crushed. The SG of RCA ranges from 2.35 to 2.38. The specific gravitation additions as atom size as class atom size lessenings. Te specific gravitation greatly decreases as atom size lessenings. The porous nature of howitzer and cement allows for higher soaking up within the recycled sum. Coarse Aggregates by and large absorb 2 % -6 % of H2O of its volume while all right sums by and large absorb 4 % -8 % of their volume of H2O. Density The majority denseness of recycled concrete is by and large lower than natural sums due to the lower denseness of the howitzer. The denseness of harsh RCA is around 2430 kg/m The denseness of all right RCA is 2310 kg/m Coarse virgin sums have a denseness of 2700 kg/m. Coarse virgin sums have a denseness of 2590 kg/m. The denseness of RCA will change depending on the water/cement ratio and the type of concrete used in the original concrete mixture. Decision The ratio of denseness of the stuff to the denseness of H2O at a specified temperature is defined as the specific gravitation of a stuff. Compressive Strength of original concrete and recycled sum concrete for assorted water/cement and coarse/fine aggregate ratios

Homeland Security Presidential Directive 24 (HSPD 24): Biometrics for Identification and Screening to Enhance National Security

The Science and Technology (S&T) Directorate is an arm of the Department of Homeland Security which has the responsibility and mandate to conduct research aimed at improving homeland security by applying the latest technologies. The applications of science and technology developed at S&T are marketed at its clients who include federal, state and territorial emergency officials and responders. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 24 (HSPD 24) Establishes a framework to ensure that Federal executive departments and agencies use mutually compatible methods and procedures in the collection, storage, use, analysis, and sharing of biometric and associated biographic and contextual information of individuals in a lawful and appropriate manner, while respecting their information privacy and other legal rights under United States law (Department of Homeland Security 2008) This research paper aims to discuss the specifics of this directive, its potential impact on homeland security and explains threat, vulnerability and criticality assessment in the context of HSPD 24. Specifics of HSPD 24 HSPD 24 lays a foundation for ensuring that Federal and state executives and agencies employ compatible methods and procedures while collecting, using, analyzing and sharing biometric and biographic information of people in lawful, ethical and appropriate approaches so as to respect individual and information privacy and any other rights legally recognized under U. S. law (DHS 2008). This directive defines biometrics as the measurable anatomical, physiological and behavioral characteristics attributable to an individual. Such may include fingerprints, facial and iris recognition. It also covers for interoperability, the situation where organs within the security apparatus can mutually exchange information, and use the information to undertake security operations. Impact of HSPD 24 on Homeland Security HSPD 24 is intended to increase the capacity of security agencies to identify â€Å"known and suspected terrorists† while providing a Federal framework for the application of existing biometric technologies as well as the upgrading of biometric information collection systems in line with emerging related technologies. Since the terrorist attack on the twin towers on September 11th 2001, there was a need to increase the capacity of identifying individuals who pose a threat to national security. The collection and storage of biometric information in a database accessible to all security agencies (DHS 2008) is therefore crucial for the protection of American citizens as it makes the tracking of criminal suspects and terrorists more efficient. International criminals can be identified before entry into the nation, and the system also forms a base foe more applicable crime-scene investigations since evidence can be linked to perpetuators of crime. Explanation of Threat, Vulnerability, and Criticality Assessment in the context of Homeland Security and HSPD 24 By definition in this context, a threat is a situation, condition, object, an individual which or who is a source of danger. A threat can also be defined as the declaration of a plan to harm. Threats to national security therefore include terrorism, violent crime, drug trafficking and robbery. Vulnerability in this case is the state or measure of the state to which a nation or its citizens are susceptible to crime. Its dimensions may include physical, social and economic vulnerability. Criticality assessment is an evaluation concerned with the identification of assets, infrastructure and other resources that sustain security agencies, their operatives and their activities and are considered to be of prime importance for the success of a mission. Criticality assessment addresses the impact that a temporary or permanent failure or loss of such resources will have on the functionality of a security unit and its ability to perform its duties. Time and cost of a recovery of security infrastructure in case of temporary or permanent loss of infrastructure or resources is also considered in this assessment. Biometrics for Identification and Screening to Enhance National Security: A Review In my opinion, HSPD 24 is a very essential component in the war against crime as it provides a working platform for almost all other crime prevention endeavors. Once accurate biometric information is collected and shared between security agencies, the movement of criminals can be easily tracked. The implementation of this directive also complements routine security measures like airport passenger and luggage screening. Once accurate biometric information is available in databases accessible to security agencies, evidence collected from crime scenes can be used to track crime suspects and implement justice. It therefore ranks higher than most other directives, especially specific ones like Homeland Security Presidential Directive 19: Combating Terrorist Use of Explosives in the United States since it creates the framework form which they can operate efficiently. Conclusion With international and domestic terrorism becoming an increasing threat to national security, there needs to be elaborate mechanisms of preventing it. Technology keeps on changing, and criminals have a knack for using the latest technologies to commit crimes and then cover their tracks. Security operatives therefore need to be ahead of them; and HSPD 24 is one of the ways they can. The creation of an elaborate database of biometric information will not only aid in identifying and tracking criminals, it will also dissuade potential criminals since they will realize it is hard for tem to escape authorities after committing crimes. References Department of Homeland Security, DHS (2008) Homeland Security Presidential Directive 24:Biometrics for Identification and Screening to Enhance National Security. Available: http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/laws/gc_1219257118875.shtm [August 7, 2010]

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Research - Essay Example Gaming is considered to be a voluntary activity, which is intrinsically motivating and involves some kind of activity that helps in building some specific skills and qualities in an individual. Such attributes are considered similar to those which are present in modern educational theories, considering learning as a rewarding and self-motivating activity. Playing computer games is not always considered to be the opposite of work; as leisure, and is also considered to be a mode of learning which is universally acceptable. There is no doubt about the fact that the advent of computer supporting superior graphics has initiated an explosion in the world of gaming software. This billion dollar industry annually produces different types of games providing a source of adventure to its users. While playing these games the players become immersed in this virtual world which includes stunning graphics and they soon become addicted to the story-line, videos and sound of these games. However there are several consequences and questions associated with this form of entertainment which affect the motivation ability and cognitive functions, thereby taking the player to a virtual world. There are several games that increase the intrinsic motivation of the players by stimulating curiosity. This is considered to be the effect of challenges and characte ristics of fantasy present in the game. The form of learning that appears to be fun to the learner is considered to be more effective. It has been argued by various researchers that games benefit the learning ability and educational practices of learners and therefore there is a need of combining the fun element with different aspects of system design and instruction design that includes interactive, learning and motivational components. It has been found that three elements; curiosity, fantasy and challenge contribute to the fun present in computer games. A close

To what extent was there a step change in Britains relationship with Essay

To what extent was there a step change in Britains relationship with the EU in 1997 - Essay Example Unfortunately, half a century later, the EU term does not consist of all European states. The EU is a supranational organisation, this means that it is made up of other countries. Countries that choose to become members make a major sacrifice to forego some of their national sovereignty in order to agree on social, political and economic policies which are of common interest.2 At this juncture it would be prudent to note that the EU is more superior to its member states. This is evidenced by the member states’ laws and national policies which are equally bound by the EU institutions and regulations. Ironically though, the theoretical basis for the EU was provided by the then British Conservative Prime Minister Winston Churchill yet it is them who have lagged behind in actualising European integration3. Due to the country’s historical, traditional and institutional background, it has found it extremely difficult to link both its domestic and European policies. Since time in memorial, Britain was never keen on intergrating with other countries in Europe. It always isolated itself and even in the 1950s while other European countries such as Italy, France and Germany, joined into a single market in coal and steel, which was then termed the Common Market. This is the modern day European Union (EU). Britain however succumbed to the insurmountable pressure and eventually joined, this was in 1973. Their decision to join was however due to being forced by circumstances. Europe seemed to be where the money was and not being a part of it was tantamount to cutting your nose to spite your face. The British are still yet to change their mentality over their inclusion in the EU, they view it as a marriage of convinience, as it helps them in carrying out their transactions. The Thatcher government for instance was opposed to the rapid integration of the European markets. She was also

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Working as a Nurse in the Australian Health Care System Assignment

Working as a Nurse in the Australian Health Care System - Assignment Example In simple terms, principle of wellness is the general integration of mental, physical and spiritual well-being of an individual. My role in the primary care setting generally differs from my role in the acute care set up. The difference generally lies in the health care set up. In primary health care setting, as the provider of the health care, I always act as a first contact within the health care system. In most cases, I coordinate other specialist care directly to the patient (Maruish, 2000). On the other hand, in acute care setting, most of patient’s health care is done in short term. In most cases, the care is urgent. In some cases, the patient is required to stay in the emergency department unlike primary care setting which is continuous. 2. Mr Alexopoulos, is 88 years old who has migrated from Greece and lives alone. He speaks very basic English only. In the past year he has fallen twice at home, once by tripping over a rug and once when he got up to go to the bathroom at night. He has become increasingly afraid of falling again and tends to restrict his activities in the home. He goes out only when accompanied by his son. a. In the information provided, outline the data the nurse would use to complete a risk assessment for Mr Alexopoulos (include biopsychosocial and cultural health care considerations in relation to implementing primary health care). Mr. Alexopoulos case shows the extent at which he requires primary health care. In as much as Alexopoulos is currently fine, he still has the mentality that he will fall again and therefore, he restricts movements in and outside the house. As part of the primary health care, bio psychosocial model approach and the cultural health care settings best suit this type of situation especially when it comes to completing the risk assessment of Alexopoulos. In using the biological psychological model in this case, the nurses will generally assess Alexopoulos behaviors, thoughts and

History of the Dominican republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of the Dominican republic - Essay Example Being a close ally to Trujillo, Belaguer was appointed the President of the Republic. He wanted to run politics in his own way and allied himself with various political groupings in the Armed Forces but he failed to overthrow the government and sought refuge at Nuncio’s residence. Bosch took over power in 1962. The subsequent regime that took over after Bosch was also marred with widespread corruption and dictatorship. Balaguer was the leader of Partido Reformista Social Cristiano (PRSC). As a president he imposed semi-dictatorship rule and he was an undisputed authoritarian ruler. Balaguer was a major intermediary between the national elite, the Dominican people, and the United States. Blaguer only enjoyed support in the local regions. On the other hand, he was never popular in the capital that had the largest concentration of population. The city was dominated by PRD as well as other leftist political factions. Balaguer’s regime was characterized as a feeble democracy since it undermined the consolidation of democracy. He controlled the national budget, the Congress, and the security forces, in addition to skillfully manipulating the political process. Balaguer was only concerned with power in spite of the means necessary to attain it. He assassinated his opponents and instructed his security forces to fire at protesters. The reformist middle classes and militant working classes supported the establishment of liberal democracy. Therefore, Balaguer’s Bonapartism was due to the political vacuum that was created by the failure of the Dominican elites to face the rise of a contentious society. The political history of the Dominican Republic is marked by fragmentation and disorganized civil society. Besides that, the conservative elites dominated the exclusionary political regimes that suppressed democracy. Joaquin Balaguer has been active in the Dominican politics

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Problematic Media Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problematic Media Use - Essay Example Alongside this dynamic shift with regards to how society currently operates, a unique issue has been determined and has been labeled by research as problematic Internet usage e (PIU). As a result of researching this particular exhibition to a more profound degree, the following analysis will consider the article entitled, â€Å"An Evaluation of Two Characterizations of the Relationships Between Problematic Internet Use, Time Spent Using the Internet, and Psychosocial Problems†. It is the hope of this author that such analysis will help to shed a degree of light not only with regards the particular article in question, but also with respect to justifying it with some of the other readings that of engaged during the course of this week. One aspect of PIU that the article does not cover in enough depth is with regards to whether or not PIU is entirely dependent upon the exhibition of psychosocial issues. Although it can be appreciated that PIU is an issue that affects a broader a nd broader subset of current society, the fact of the matter is that determining whether or not this is an issue that should concern broader society is ultimately rooted in what the outcomes and side effects of PIU portend (Tokunaga & Rains, 2010). If it is true that PIU is mutually exclusive and cannot exist without the prevalence of psychosocial issues, then the research itself stands solidly upon the framework of delineating a codependent relationship between these. However, if it is the case that PIU can exist to varying degrees without clear and determinate impacts upon psychosocial interaction, the entire rubric and theses of this particular research is undone. Another shortcoming that is evidenced with regards to the research is whether or not correlation equals causation. Although the researchers lay out a definitively well researched piece with regards to whether or not anxiety, depression, and a litany of other psychosocial ills can result from Internet dependency, the rea der/researcher automatically questions whether or not the weekend exhibition of these could merely be exacerbated by the withdrawal from society and increased usage of the Internet as a means of escapism. Naturally, this particular review and analysis piece is neither the time nor the place to discuss whether or not such an alternative theory is indeed more applicable; however, it is worthwhile to note that accepting the theoretical model put forward by the authors of the research piece lens one to categorically accept several inherent weaknesses of the research. This naturally relates to many of the other topics that have thus far been read during the week’s assigned readings. Specifically, an issue of measurement is brought to light with Gibbs et al in their article, â€Å"First Come love, then comes Google: An investigation of uncertainty reduction strategies and self-disclosure in online dating†. The importance of tackling the measurement issues first are of the ut most importance as they lay the groundwork for any possibility of drawing further inference with regards to the research topic at hand. Ultimately, the issue of self-disclosure, as with any psychosocial issue is of a paramount importance. Other articles that helped to discuss the differing nuances of how technological addiction is playing into the lives of the average

Short Story Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short Story - Article Example Evidence provided by his lawyer are documents of head-scans that revealed an act of a subconscious mind. However, as much as technology development is heavily relied on in proving whether an individual is guilty or not. Some of the information generated from these machines is hard to believe and to be relied upon, especially when the question of enhancing individual privacy materialize. With the current rates in technological growth, humans will find themselves between a difficult state with no privacy or freedom of choice and reasoning (Rosen 50). The above factor is due to the ability to establish monitoring equipment that can tell the location of individuals and what they are doing at that particular time. Neuroscientists, Jones and Maoris, tells of a magnetic resonance imaging (M.R.I) technology that can scan individual memories and tell when one is truthful, or when one is lying. A technology that many lawyers and the prosecution rely on to justify their cases in courts. It help detect hidden bias and can picture images on individual brain. The MRI technology is designed in such a way that it can tell what someone is thinking about even if they deny it (Rosen 49). In an experiment, the technology accuracy proofed effective after individuals thinking coincided with the technologies images. However, critics are on record saying that the MRI technology is a threat to human privacy to the level that it can compel individual make unwilling remarks. It is also a threat in the legal system, since individuals who have mental problems skip the legal action; thus, the system is not considered to be preventive in nature (Rosen 49). In dawn of the M.R.I technology, the judges will find themselves in a nearly difficult position when making any future judgments. This relies on the claims that it is easier to challenge the jurist ruling on claims of biasness and even in some instances on discrimination

Monday, August 26, 2019

Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business - Case Study Example Since Carl was relatively new to the system, it was the duty of supervisor to monitor Carl and guide him towards the proper direction. The supervisor should also have offered assistance to Carl in terms of the orientation of the new employees. The next half of the project will present a brief background of the case. As offering a brief background to the case will help to understand the latter half of the report. Background It was during the early April when Mr. Carl Robins, the new campus recruiter of ABC Inc., hired 15 new employees. The employees were supposed to work for Monica Carrolls, who was the Operations Supervisor. After the process of recruitment Carl scheduled an orientation program for the newly recruited employees, which was supposed to take place on 15th June. His primary intention was to ensure that after providing adequate training to the staff, they will be fit for joining by the beginning of July. On May 15th, the operational supervisor, Monica Carrolls contacted C arl to discuss about the training sessions. Apart from that the discussion also took place about the schedule of training, medical checkup, physical test, orientation, handing over the policy booklets to the employees and a list of other issues. During the conversation Carl reassured Monica Carrolls that all the required amenities will be in place within the stipulated time frame. He also quoted that during the time employee orientation will commence every employee will be present along with their application forms. Carl got back to work just after the Memorial Day weekend, in order to check whether all the employee applications were completed or not. As he was going through it, he suddenly realized that there was a shortage of adequate pieces of the orientation manual. Moreover there were also missing pages in between the manual. After witnessing these occurrences, Carl become anxious when he comprehended that not a single newly recruited employees had received the obligatory drug screening. Apart from that Carl was shocked to know the news that the room where the training was supposed to take place was pre occupied by another client (Solve my question, 2012). Hence there was also unavailability of the training room. Key Problems The given case has to deal with a number of problems. The most important of them all is related to the way, campus recruiter Carl Robbins has planned, implemented and followed up. Mr. Robbins at first neglected to coordinate with his supervisor. This depicts that the recruiter feels himself as self sufficient. Apart from that he has misguided the employees as well as operational supervisor. He did not communicate the exact time, when the new employees will be attending the obligatory drug screening. He did not arranged adequate copies of orientation manual and also failed to fill up the applications of the newly recruited employees. Even the orientation manuals have few pages missing. This demonstrates how careless he was while perfo rming his duty. It also exhibits his lack of professionalism and responsibility. The recruiter also had enough time in order to make sure that everything would be in place prior to the commencement of the training schedule on the 15th of June. However, Carl was also new to the system and therefore it becomes the duty of the supervisor to train him or guide him

Political science (political analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political science (political analysis) - Essay Example The term 'globalisation' is commonly shorthand for 'globalising processes'. Privileging the verb rather than the noun form is a significant tactical move since we do not wish to convey the intuition that we comprehend globalisation in reified and simply naturalistic ways. In Power: A Radical View Lukes define power rhetorically: "is it not the supreme and most insidious exercise of power to prevent people, to whatever degree, from having grievances by shaping their perceptions, cognitions and preferences in such a way that they accept their role in the existing order of things " (1974: 24). Steven Lukes and William Connolly argued that the exercise of power must be, to some meaningful degree, the product of choice, because a normatively compelling definition must preserve the relation between power and responsibility. According to Lukes: The reason why identifying [the exercise of power] involves the assumption that the exerciser(s) could have acted differently - and, where they are unaware of the consequences of their action or inaction, that they could have ascertained these - is that an attribution of power is at the same time an attribution of (partial or total) responsibility for certain consequences. (Lukes; 1974: 55-6) Lukes' dimensions of power evidence points to the misrecognition of real interests by the majority of state actors on a global scale. Thus within globalisation, generic agency has increased its tendential character towards dominant agency-and this means that the prospects for radical agency within a global civil society are more limited and co-opted than before. Arendt define power as " Power --is actually the reality behind the use of violence". She holds that political theory needs to adopt such a new sense of power in order to achieve an adequate understanding of the nature of political rule. Many of the characteristics of globalisation are determined by the structural power that is the development of technology particularly computers and electronic communication. On power, Lukes concludes that there are various answers, all deeply familiar, which respond to our interests in both the outcomes and the structure of power. Perhaps this explains why, in our ordinary unreflective judgments and comparisons of structural power, we normally know what we mean and have little difficulty in understanding one another, yet every attempt at a single general answer to the question has failed and seems likely to fail. (1986, 17) Structural power inferred from the structures of the national level to international level. Each national industry of a country's moving to the forces of globalization and offers ready indicators of its degree of integration into the global world economy. Future developments in technology are likely to increase this tendency rather than otherwise. So, power is moving from a national to international level as the process of internationalization is just a case of developing that has characterized most of human history, the continuous expansion from the local. Both globalisation and internationalizat

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Organizations Going Through Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizations Going Through Change - Essay Example After forming the new organization comprising of 70 people, the next step was to develop links with communities, they include in-house community, technical community, platform community, and portal community (Kodama, 2003). The company employed three strategies simultaneously to deal with other communities. Adding to these three strategies the company used time pacing strategy that involved developing public relations, and advertising its services. Another aspect of the company’s new organization was Entrepreneurial strategy that offered a motivation for the employees to put in their maximum and take the company’s new venture to next level. GBD was formed by Mr. Oboshi for handling i-mode or mobile internet, this individual organization was very small in size compared to the traditional organization that comprised of over 10,000 employees. GBD relied heavily on the traditional organization for investment and support. However, GBD’s strategy was entirely different from its parent company’s strategy. GBD relied on time-pacing, which meant continuous change and less time for adaptation. GBD could have used event based pacing like its parent company. Further time-pacing strategy also creates intra-organization pressure within the team members, and adds stress which can spoil the organizational harmony, and create hindrances for

Transport and Logistics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Transport and Logistics - Case Study Example Basically the Greeks defined logistics as "the science of Correct reasoning by means of mathematics". The first modern use of the term was in military to identify the process of planning and coordinating the movement of army and weapon support systems. Good logistics brings out the ability to move faster and accurately to the battlefront. If one applies to the same to the business organization, it is one's ability to reach the product to the consumer at the right time, right place, and right quantity and at lowest cost. With the increasing competition in the market place, managements starts focusing on customer services in the early 1950's in the developed markets such as Europe and the U.S. In the late 1960's some of the logistics concepts were tested. Following oil crises is 1976 and the concepts of Just-in-time (JIT) in manufacturing. Customer servicing standards were given more importance and new integrated logistics models and solutions were born. The emergence of organized distribution system by departmental stores and super fast courier services, organizations gave a boost to logistics concepts and strategies. Today all businesses are looking for seamless transaction systems to coordinate their information and material requirements along with the value chain. Michel Porter in his famous book "Competitive advantage" has spoken of the value chain approach and emphasized logistics as one of the most important tools for competitive advantage. The various process and elements that are part of logistics as a discipline are: 1. Inbound logistics: Purchasing, inbound transportation, inventory management. 2. Manufacturing: Production, planning systems, Machine scheduling system 3. Outbound logistics: Order booking processes, Distribution management, outbound Transportation and warehousing management systems. Logistics is key to success in new millennium and going through visible changes nowadays. Various new concepts and applications are taking place in all parts of the world and tried by various organizations. Almost everyone agrees that companies must functions in a global market place, there is far less agreement on how this context translate when it comes to managing the supply chain. Although companies may think globally in scope, when it comes down to actual tactical operations there's a lot of local blending going on. There are certain elements that are required to manage any supply chain regardless of whether it's domestic or global. Things like visibility, technology and flexibility are basic ingredients that need to be incorporated seamlessly in order for the efficient supply chain Management. Now here we compare and contrast between North America and India because India is a growing market and becoming one of the fastest growing economics .The concept of logistics in North America is one of the well known concept by any standard. North American trade market in one of the largest blocks in the world. India's logistics market is approximately around $15 billion, which is less than 0.5% of the total North America logistics markets. The volume of logistics market itself shows that North America logistics market is approaching towards higher side whereas Indian logistics market

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Balanced Scorecard approach to Technology Assignment

Balanced Scorecard approach to Technology - Assignment Example There might also be disrupting technologies that make the entire range of products or business models haywire.   Along with this, due to lack of proper communication, the problems are not looked into or solved in the right manner by the right people. A company would formulate its strategy in such a way that it enables the business achieve its desired goals and it is the path that would lead the company to its success. This is necessary so that the company can translate its innovative ideas to stories of success in reality.Development of the Balanced Scorecard SystemFirst of all it is important to know and understand the stakeholders that of the company and their individual objectives. Then the strategic components of the business have to be identified and their present position has to be analyzed. These components are the vision, the mission, departmental goals, the core values of the organization and the various dimensions of performance and the forecasting of the probable results .Now for using a Balanced Scorecard approach for Reliant Technologies the health of the company can be measured from both financial and Non Financial perspectives (Kaplan and Norton, 1992). This is the advantage of Balance Scorecards measure that it looks into the business beyond the numerical figures of financial statements and exhibits a better insight into the bigger picture. The main areas of the Balanced Scorecard would be as follows (Figure 1).Accurate Financial data and the proper interpretation and forecasting.... Then the strategic components of the business have to be identified and their present position has to be analyzed. These components are the vision, the mission, departmental goals, the core values of the organization and the various dimensions of performance and the forecasting of the probable results. Now for using a Balanced Scorecard approach for Reliant Technologies the health of the company can be measured from both financial and Non Financial perspectives (Kaplan and Norton, 1992). This is the advantage of Balance Scorecards measure that it looks into the business beyond the numerical figures of financial statements and exhibits a better insight into the bigger picture. The main areas of the Balanced Scorecard would be as follows (Figure 1). Figure 2 Balanced Scorecard Figure 1: Balanced Scorecard (Source: Kaplan & Norton, 1992) Financial Aspect Accurate Financial data and the proper interpretation and forecasting are required for the crucial analysis of the financial position of the organization. This data should be available to each and every segment of the operations of Reliant so that all the persons concerned would know how and which factors are changing the bottom-line of the balance sheet. Rigorous metrics on the profitability like EBIT, EBITDA and Operating Income have to be done to understand the real position of the business. Thus centralization of the system is necessary for the managers. Assessment of the Return on Investment The assessment of financial position is not enough. The situational analyses of risky situations that Reliant might face and the costs and benefits of undertaking different projects should be done instantly. Prior calculations of return on investments have to be undertaken before going for any kind of new project that

International Business Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business Management - Term Paper Example us assesses the changes observed in the relationship of India and Australia for the past 10 years, projecting the future of such relationship for the upcoming few years until 2024. As per the study findings, it is worth mentioning that communication gaps, giving rise to misunderstanding amid the two nations concerning their global objectives, acted as the major hindrance to their stagnant business relationship. However, from a futuristic perspective it was observed that such hindrances are steadily becoming obscure and contributing towards a much better relationship amid the two nations. The existing business relationship between Australia and India has ignited many benefits in building a communication with different cultures. To be mentioned in this context, the commonness in the strategic goals of the countries acted as a major boost to their enriched business relationship in the recent years (Brewster 2014). However, there are certain issues as well, those are inherent to the foreign trade dynamics of both these countries, having a toll on their developments. One of those issues can be identified as related with the often reported unrest in Australian geographic climate, when concerning the expatriates from India (Grare 2014). Nevertheless, through bilateral trade agreements and other forms of trade relations, these countries have witnessed massive changes in the recent decade, which will be discussed in the paper henceforth. Communication between the two countries has given rise to certain issues related to their business relationships. To be noted in this context, since the past 10 years, India and Australia were observed to having divergent goals defined for their strategic development. Partially owing to these strategic trajectories, both the nations were somewhat reluctant to enhance their trade relations, which indicate towards the communication gap existing amid the duo (Rao 2003). It was, but only in the year 2014, that the current Prime Ministers of

Friday, August 23, 2019

Free writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Free writing - Essay Example But, luckily, this fear did not turn out to be the be all and end all of most of my pursuits. During my childhood days in South Korea I turned towards nature for inspiration and guidance. I observed that nature tended to achieve perfection by diligently and persistently working on small things. The growing of a leaf of grass, the falling of a drop of rain on the parched earth, the first flight of a hatchling from one’s nest, the existence of large wiggly colonies of insects below the dead logs, the shedding of the leaves in fall, the blooming of flowers in the spring, all these things do not declare their existence with much grandeur and fanfare. Yet, there is no denying the fact that they adorn the earth with much beauty and charm. Hence, it was through my observation of nature that I learned the strength inherent in small things. It was how I came to the conclusion that perhaps I may not be able to wrest big achievements in my life, but certainly I can accomplish many small things through my dedication and sincerity. So I brought this magic of small things to all the aspects of my life. To begin with, I honed my proficiency in small things in the much benign and salubrious family atmosphere in Korea. It was through observing my family members that I realized that a person is dependent on the kindness of others when one is born, and also one is dependent on the kindness of others when one gets old, then how come we forget the relevance of kindness and compassion in the more robust, middle part of our lives? So my experience as a family man was a story of love and compassion. I may not have been able to do big things for my family, but I am sure they will always remember me for the love and kindness I put in the small things I did for them. In my academic and professional career I also always laid stress on the strength inherent in small things. Without sounding arrogant, I would not shy away from saying that my success as

Leadership Challenges in Virtual Teams Research Proposal

Leadership Challenges in Virtual Teams - Research Proposal Example This discussion explores that virtual teams have gained a lot of prominence in various institutions due to the proliferation of information technology in business. Therefore, medium, small and large organizations may adopt this approach to project work depending on their goals. This report descusses that The size and geographical dispersion of these companies warrants special attention in the study. These organizations select virtual teams in order to minimize cost and time wastage associated with bringing all members of the group together. Sometimes experts may be located in different areas, so virtualization allows professionals to make their contributions across great distances. The method also enhances decision making, productivity and response times to tasks. It adds flexibility to the work process and brings about innovation processes transnationally. When developing conceptual understandings of a problem, these groups often struggle to come to an agreement. It is difficult to control and monitor activities in these teams. Such groups must follow through on decisions in a structured way. The model is vulnerable to communication breakdowns, power struggles and mistrust. The distance between these team members creates challenges in project management. T echnophobia is a real problem for companies using virtual teams and so is cultural diversity. Issues concerning conflict management may also be difficult in this set up. 2. Problem statemen

Business in emerging markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business in emerging markets - Essay Example A conclusion is drawn based on the data presented why India has remained in its number one post despite emergence of competitors. Many large companies now practice outsourcing of jobs for reasons that they save on costs when they hire other companies to do the work for them. Many companies find this a better alternative as the work is done for them at a considerable less cost of money, and they have fewer overhead expenses to worry about. The need for outsourcing of jobs opened the opportunity for offshore outsource services that is offered by many countries in Southeast Asia and in the Middle East. Among these countries, the study of A.T. Keanney on offshore locations shows India occupying the top position as an offshore outsources services while that of the Central/Eastern Europe services fall. This study looks at the reasons why India has become number one in outsourcing services considering that there also other countries doing the same thing. Implication of the study will show the strength and weaknesses of competing countries that will be useful for decisions of countries using their services. To determine competitive advantage of India, Porter’s Five and PEST framework of Analysis are done to know the strong points and limitations of each country in the area of business process outsourcing. a. Supplier power. Under Porters framework, the role of quality and service play an important function in choosing a probable supplier. In this context, India has established its competitive edge with other countries because it boasts of 250 million English speaking workers possessing technical and scientific skills, 24 hours service and zero downtime. Foreign company tends to have 30 to 35% offshore cost savings because of low salary scale of workers in India. Starting salaries for IT engineers in India is from $5,000 to $10,000 which is comparatively lower in US standards. This salary however is already considered attractive in India whose annual per

Educational Implications of Socioeconomic Status Matrix Essay

Educational Implications of Socioeconomic Status Matrix - Essay Example If someone with unemployed or working class parents enters the school system at an academic level behind those of other students (through no fault of their own or their parents), they will find it difficult to move up a track in the current system. This is not only because teachers will have lower expectations of this individual due to their socioeconomic class, but because the curriculum currently focuses predominantly on those in the upper echelons of society without providing insight into movement between classes or the importance of the working class throughout history. All of these factors combined will ensure that most students in the lower classes will remain unmotivated and unenthused by the education system and find it difficult to engage their intellectual capacity (Gollnick & Chinn, 2005, p71). Conversely, the upper-middle and upper classes flourish under the current education system. Not only does their economic status allow students from these backgrounds to attend expen sive private schools which generally have better equipment (and better paid staff who may be more enthusiastic due to this benefit), but their social status encourages these students to attain the best academic achievements. High teacher (and parental) expectations will push students into the higher academic tracks, allowing them to attain results that will push them towards the jobs held by their parents – teachers, lawyers, doctors, academics and high-powered businessmen (Gollnick & Chinn, 2005, p64). This seems unfair when compared with the fate of the lower classes as discussed above, who may have the same intellectual capacity and perhaps even outperform some of their upper-middle or upper class schoolmates, but suffer from an educational inequality. Race also plays a part in educational equality (Gollnick & Chinn, 2005, p67) Those who are members of oppressed groups are found in higher numbers in the unemployed, homeless or working class groups. Combined with the factor s mentioned above, these groups are often underrepresented in class materials, again meaning that these groups will engage less with the curriculum. White able-bodied males, who occupy a higher proportion of the upper-middle and upper classes, are overrepresented in class materials and thus may feel encouraged to perform. There has not been much discussion of gender in the text, but it can be assumed that often classroom materials focus on the history and experiences of the male gender and this is an inequality that also needs to be addressed. References Gollnick, D. M., & Chinn, P. C. (2005). Multicultural Education in a Pluralistic Society & Exploring Diversity Package (7th ed.). Prentice

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Internet Banking Essay Example for Free

Internet Banking Essay Therefore, since U. K. consumers have used to browsing and shopping online, there are factors that U. K. mobile carriers should pay attention. The factors are to find and collaborate with mobile commerce providers so that they can boost the M-Commerce traffic and thus, revenue. The potential of conducting mobile commerce in the U. K. also bases on the facts that the country has many mobile subscribers. According to International Telecommunication Union (2006), U. K. has 61 million of mobile customers as of January 2006. If 20% of the customers (15 million users) are active subscribers of M-commerce with average spending $100 per month. Therefore, the market for mobile commerce in the UK is $18 billion per year. The condition highlight that mobile commerce is attractive service that mobile service providers like Vodafone must develop by collaborating with merchants and content providers (cp) that build the mobile commerce applications. The development of m-commerce is also backed up by the recent development on 3G (third generation) mobile technology that gives opportunity for subscribers to have faster access to browse internet via mobile phones and conduct m-commerce transaction. British Telecom, for example, estimates that in 2002 they have about 150,000 customers of broadband services that is potential to be the active users of mobile commerce (Verdin, 2002) Recent progress and invention in mobile and wireless technologies has caused the shifting paradigm shift from desktop computers to mobile devices. Recently, it is usual to find consumers using their Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), smart phones, and notebooks that strengthen the facts that business has gone mobile so that the consumers can do all things over wireless gadgets the same with doing by desktop computer (Intel, 2004). The improvement in mobile devices capability also attracts customers to buy new phones and new customers segment that also target teenagers. This condition becomes issues for telecommunication companies and content providers to develop new killing applications besides voice communication that will increase the corporate revenue. The new application is data communication that comes in many forms. Concerning data communications, this paper has discussed several issues/challenges and opportunities in UK mobile telephone industry. To be specific, the point of discussion is about the development of mobile commerce (M-Commerce) that takes advantages of increasing number of mobile users and the development of computer technology. References American National Bank. (2001). Internet Banking Features Benefits. Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http://www. americannationalbank. com/i_features. cfm Arthur D. Little Int. Gmbh. (2001). Key Success Factors for M-Commerce. Presentation for Berlecon Research