Ethical Dilemma of Elective Induction

Ethical Dilemma of Elective Induction To Induce or Not to Induce? The Ethical Dilemma of Elective Induction Lets paint a picture. A 32-year-old patient gravida 1, para 0 presents at 38 weeks gestation and states that she would like to be induced the following day for personal reasons. She has not previous medical history which indicates that she is a high-risk pregnancy. She is electing to be induced.   Labor induction is the use of medications or other methods to stimulate contractions in the uterus to result in vaginal birth before labor has started on its own (). It can be a recommended if either the mother or fetus are at risk but sometimes, labor can be induced for nonmedical reasons and scheduled by the patient. Evidence suggests that there are no benefits to either mother or baby, however, there are several risks associated with inducing labor. These include but are not limited to infection in the mother and/or the baby, uterine rupture, increased risk of cesarean birth and death of the baby (). There has been a dramatic incline in the number of elective induced labors in the United States. Statistics show that there has been an increase in induced labor from 9.4% of births in 1990 to 23.2% in 2009 (). These increased rates can especially be seen among non-Hispanic White women with private or commercial insurance and more than 12 years of education (). While this increase alone is of significant concern, studies show an increase in induced labor during the preterm period, including the late preterm period between 34 through 36 weeks of gestation. This is especially alarming as this could have significant negative impacts on the infants overall development and health (). Our profession calls for dedication to nursing excellence through ethics, standards and best practice. Specifically, labor and delivery nurses as well as midwives are known for providing compassionate care and advocating for women to be actively involved in all aspects of their care. They have the responsibility of playing the delicate role of balancing each individuals right to birth as they desire while at the same time advocating to provide evidence-based practice levels of care and improving maternal and child birth outcomes. Therein lies the ethical conflict: how do you provide care that reflects the birthing parents unique needs (elective induction) while at the same time providing care that does not put birthing parent and/or baby at increased risk for negative outcomes. Some would argue that ethically, the birthing parent has autonomy over her body and should be able to decide the what, where, when and how around all medical procedures. While I do not disagree with this, we cannot risk the chance of violating other ethical values like nonmaleficence and beneficene because of autonomy. It is important that we fall back on the ethical principles and theories that shape our practice as nurses in order to make a decision that is ethically sound. Our primary responsibility and commitment, as stated by the first and second provisions of the ANA code of ethics are that we practice with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth and unique attributes of every person and our primary commitment is to our patient (). This includes providing patients with all the education they need. Research shows that 78% of women who elected to induce labor felt confident that they were knowledgeable about the procedure, however on further inquiry it was found that they in fact were not aware (). I firmly believe that it is our role and duty as nurses to provide care to each individual following the lines of what would make them most comfortable. In the same light, it is our role and duty as nurses to keep up to date on evidence based practice in order to provide up to date information to our patients and advocate for them. We walk the fine ethical line all the time and bear the load of providing the absolute best care to our patients by finding a balance between both patient desires and evidence based practice. We cannot let egoism play a role here by only considering that which is evidence-based care while ignoring the wishes of the birthing parent. However, tapping into the ethical theory of utilitarianism, we must look at all the benefits and risks involved. and together with the people involved make a decision that is best suitable for the birthing mother and baby.

Bangladesh and Vietnam: Factors of Inflation

Bangladesh and Vietnam: Factors of Inflation Question 2(a) Discuss and analysis the factors of inflation in your selected countries Bangladesh and Vietnam are our selected countries. Inflation is a continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services in the economy. Inflation has three types which are creeping inflation, mild inflation and hyperinflation Bangladesh Inflation in Bangladesh has a lot of factors. There are wages in the major employment, increase in the supply of money, oil price, low production and higher price of imported commodities. Based on the factor for increase in wage rate in the major employment, wages in Bangladesh has been increasing for more than the last two decades due to both strong or moderately strong labor union. Due to political, social and cultural tradition and for a humanitarian reason, the Government cannot make a distinction between productive, unproductive, and moderately productive sector in their attempt to increase the wages. Wages increase without any production increase, easily transferred to higher cost of production and higher prices of consumer goods, allowing for sustained inflation. Under the assumption of little or no improvement of workers’ productivity growth, wage inflation at such high level is an indication of cost escalation over time. Money supply is an important determinat of inflation. Production in agriculture and fisheries sectors in Bangladesh is still subject to the whims of nature to a notable extent. Therefore supply of money in Bangladesh is increasing every year in order to get it. It has been claimed that one of the main causes of the high food inflation throughout the FY05 was poor harvest of aus, aman and wheat crops.6. The yearly production of these three crops went down by 18.12, 14.76 and 22.11 percent respectively in FY05 over the FY04.7. An instance of price hike due to this fall of production is that the price of aman rice rose within the range of BDT 16 to 19 in FY05 from the range of BDT 14 to 16 in FY04. This excessive rise in the total supply of money may contribute to the cause of high inflationary pressure in Bangladesh. Oil price is a factor of inflation in countries include international. Oil is a fundamental input of production, it constitutes a significant portion of production cost in every sector of the economy. Although there are some recent adjustments in the administered price of energy products, much of the increased cost of imported fuel has not been passed on to end users, especially on diesel and kerosene. Iraq has the second largest oil field. Oil production in Iraq has been cut by 5,00,000 barrels per day since the U.S. invasion in Iraq for more than three years. Crude and refined oil is used in all sphere of life including manufacturing and production of consumption and material goods. Once increased oil prices, it have increased the cost of production world-wide. The firms and suppliers have no other choices except to raise the price of goods and materials. Therefore it has caused a cost-push inflation. In Bangladesh the output growth rate is always lower than the population growth rate. This low productions is not only for reason of human resources, weather is also included. As an example, the production of wheat in Bangladesh has declined drastically over the years. Further, except for the Boro, the areas of rice cultivation have declined in recent years. The production of pulses and oilseeds has also declined significantly. Erratic weather in Bangladesh had caused crop failures. Therefore Bangladesh often faced with problem of food shortages. As the net domestic production of food is not sufficient to meet demand such as oil, supply gap of cereals and food items, Bangladesh forced to import these from external markets. Therefore the greater percentage of increase in the populaion has brought about a scarcity of goods. As a result, excess demand occurs that contributes to rise in prices. Bangladesh has to import huge capital goods, necessary consumer goods and even huge quantity of food grain. The most of the essential food items are imported like sugar, rice, wheat, onion and edible oil and also included machineries, intermediate goods and raw materials used in production. Huge import will increase the price of import. The inflation in foreign countries causes a rise in prices in Bangladesh through the importation of commodities from those countries. When the relationships between import price index and non-food inflation in urban and rural are insignificant, the former is found to have economically as well as statistically highly significant association with the categories of food inflation. In a short word, the reasons for increase in import price are twofold which is exchange rate depreciation and increase in international commodity prices. Vietnam Inflation in Vietnam has also a lot of factors. There are excessive service spending and bias allocation in the market, supply and demand mismatch, governement’s increased wages policy, boom of foreign direct investment (FDI) and unbalance money used for economic development and society. The monetary factor is excessive service spending and bias allocation in the market. Inflation can be caused if government doesn’t plan and manage amount of money circulation which include in society and commodity. As an example if government allocates too much money to society like education loan, there will caused a loss of money to contribute to eonomy. Excess cash will happen if the number of commodity production is sustaining and has not increased. It will increase consumer purchasing pressure and leads to hyperinflation. In Vietnam supply and demand mismatch is a problem or cause of inflation pressure in the country. The evident is the signs of overheating the economy such as severe electricity shortage and congested roads and ports, a tight labor market with skilled and semi-skilled labor supply falling far behind demand and a sharp widening of trade and current account deficit. But even year to year core inflation which excludes food and fuel is stimated to have increased by 18% as Benedict Bingham, senior representative of International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicted. Because of the output gap in Vietnam willn’t overcome easily, so he dominant effects of demand effects will persist to the next years. Within this context is important to underline, that persistent excess liquidity in the domestic markets can stoke inflationary expectations over time. In Vietnam, government has been provided an increased wages policy. Analysis of the movements of nominal wage rate inflation generally gives an idea about the labor cost scenario. In Vietnam, government encourages workers’ salary income can be increased if their performance is improved. Due to increase in salary income, workers have higher chance to spend more on consumption. Demand excess supply. If promotion of distributors and manufactures is helding, it will stimulate the market to increase buying power and creates leverage for a result of demand exceeds supply. After that inflation will happen. Booming of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam will have a high rate due to Vietnam often do FDI projects that can pull up their investors’ population. As an evidence, there were more than 16,300 active FDI projects in Vietnam that have collectively pulled in a total of $238 billion. These investors came from 100 countries and territories, and many of them are some of the world’s leading multinational corporations. In 2013, FDI inflow exceeded $22 billion, an increase of more than 35% from 2012. The figures indicate that Vietnam has become a destination of choice for foreign investors Vietnam often do FDI projects that can pull up their investors’ population. Therefore high influx of foreign exchange will often happens into the economy. It will increase money supply and if too high influx of foreign exchange, it will be a reason of inflation. Demand will also rise due to influx of foreign exchange. When a rise in demand cannot meet same level by import wil l push up the price of product until inflation. In Vietnam, unbalance money used for economic development and society will always be conducted. Because of wars against French-American in the past, government need to spend enormous money to restore the economy. Therefore money which used for economic development such as subsidiares to help suppliers is less and make a situation of demand exceed supply. The product prices will increase and It leads to the inflation. Therefore the government didn’t use monetary effectively means don’t lead consumers to a way nof controling the production and consumption of the society. Then, national budget will be reduced due to the lack of income or money. Government always lived beyond its means they must use government funds either from local or foreign country to compensate for the expenses. In conclusion, Bangladesh and Vietnam are easily face the situation of inflation based on those factors above. Who Should Own Indigenous Lands? Who Should Own Indigenous Lands? Christopher Wood F469950 Evaluate the claim that the governance of indigenous lands is best left to local communities. Due to the expansion of globalisation, concerns over the management of resources has grown from local issues to worldwide issues on how people should engage with the sustainable development and administration of global resource systems or commons. Common resources can be overseen and governed by a mixture of institutional arrangements that can be generally represented as governmental, private or communal. This essay will look at the merits of both private ownership of resources as endorsed by Ronald Coase and common property regimes often employed by communities, a solution advocated by the economist Elinor Ostrom, whilst using further evidence of these two competing ideas, by examining the plight of the indigenous group of people known as the Dongria Khondh in their battle against the powerful private multinational company Vedanta. One of the issues that arise with common resources, is the question of ownership and who has the right to manage and divide these resources, especially as the marketplace expands and the resources of the planet begin to be depleted (Shipman, 2015, p.119).   Ronald Coase investigated this problem of exhaustible resources and suggests a solution to protect resources by arguing that ownership of the commons by assigning property rights would by its action promote a positive outcome. The assignment of exclusive property rights and the potential for bargaining results in behaviour that is changed or altered to account for the negative impact our choices have on others, regardless of which party is initially assigned property rights. Private ownership and the resulting economic benefit for both parties encourages an equitable solution to rights, ensuring resources are used in a way that prevents overuse and preserves sustainability (Shipman, 2015, p125). A clear example of Coases ar guments can be seen by comparing a public communal space surrounding a residential area to that of the grounds surrounding a private residence where the owners have to pay a service charge to maintain the grounds. Public areas tend to be unkempt and abused, private grounds are generally better kept and preserved, this action suggests that individual ownership and financial incentive motivate an innate positive outcome (Shipman, 2015, p.130). Further evidence of the positive outcome of using property rights can be seen in the real-life case study of the collaboration between the Vietnamese government and the World Bank. The Land Administration Project, assigned land rights to citizens, enabling them to grow crops and feed their families, along with having the extra benefits of allowing family members to gain access to education and the owners to leverage this land to get finance, so they could expand and increase their wealth, this, in, turn, would encourage growth within the family unit, regionally and then nationally (The Open University, 2016a). However, assigning property rights doesnt always have a positive outcome, especially when the rights of the smaller landowners clash with the development of large real estate projects. In this case, the same Vietnamese government decided to seize inherited land from citizens, leading to violence and arrests. Free market economic policies of larger private concerns dominating the individual citizens claims and rights to land (The Open University, 2016b). An alternative to managing common resources can be found in the theories of  prominent economist Elinor Ostrom. Ostrom suggests that many issues surrounding  rights, ownership and depletion of resources, are better-taken care of by  cooperation, assigning rights to collectives and not individuals (Shipman, 2015, p.133). This is especially useful when dealing with resources such as the fish rich waters off Alanya in Turkey. Here the Fisherman became aware that unregulated fishing would lead to permanently exhausting stocks of fish. Using principles such as: Rules are well matched to local needs and conditions. Individuals affected by these rules can usually participate in modifying them. A system for self-monitoring members behaviour has been established. A graduated system of sanctions (against rule-breakers) is available. The fishermen devised a plan following these guidelines that provided a flexible arrangement for the community to gain rights and access to fishing stocks, whilst gathering approval from the government in the form of the Aquatic Resources Act, which recognised the communities right to administer their own rules. (Open University, 2016c) Despite this success, Ostrom recognises accomplishing a positive result in the management of common resource pools tends to have more success in smaller communities. Globalisation has presented problems concerning resources that need the varying parties to agree on a specified agency and a set of actions, which on this larger scale may prove to be difficult (The Open University, 2016d). A clear example highlighting the potential problems involving power imbalances between private commercial companies and local communities can be seen by examining the plight of the indigenous people Dongria Khondh and their battle with the mining company Vedanta. The dispute centred around the land surrounding the Lanjigarth region and holy mountain of Niyamgiri. This land held great spiritual importance and familial ties to the Dongria Khondh, being rich in biodiversity and holding a prime place within the local community. On the other hand, the mountain was also known to be rich in the mineral Bauxite, a valuable resource to a company such a Vedanta (Bhagwat, Jones and Mohan, 2015, p.150). Because of the inherent power imbalance between the two competing actors, it was necessary for outside agencies to become involved, to aid mediating in the dispute. These expert groups consisted of namely the Central Empowered Committee (CEC) along with the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MO EF), these two groups visited the area and gathered information from Vedanta and representatives of the local communities (Bhagwat, Jones and Mohan, 2015, p.151). Prior to this Vedanta had established mining facilities, assuming terra nullius or no mans land assuming that this land belonged to no one, the invisible cultural significance to the indigenous people wasnt recognised (Bhagwat, Jones and Mohan, 2015, p.151). Conflicts between homogeneous cultures and private entities are fraught with difficulties, especially in jurisprudential precedents. This issue of jurisprudence concerning governance presents complex problems, despite formal international rights as set out by the UN, there is very little political will to enforce them. Consequently, access to valuable resources where there isnt clear governance, can leave the productive potential of such lands greatly underused and can be a barrier to economic progress, whilst confusion reigns for the indigenous peoples perceived inher ent right to keep resources that are vital for their survival. Using the examples above it is clear to see that governance of common resources can have different outcomes depending on the scale and complexity of the situation. Personal and local situations can be governed quite simply by cooperation and economic incentives based on private property rights. On the other hand interactions between governmental institutions, international private companies and local communities has proven to be difficult. The most important lesson to draw attention to, is that advocating a particular course of action for solving problems relating to the governance of common resources may work in some settings but fail in others. Further, policies also have to be adaptable to recognise the informal cultural setting and arrangements of those who depend on these diverse ecosystems. Cooperation between individuals, communities and governments along with flexible arrangements between the different actors is vital to ensure equitable access to common resources. Word Count: 1201 References Bhangwat, S. Jones, N. and Mohan, G. (2015) Indigenous lands and territories: mapping the commons, in Drake, DH. Morris, A. Shipman, A. and Wheeler, K.(ed.) Investigating The Social World 2, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Shipman, A. (2015) Putting a price on common resources, in Drake, DH. Morris, A. Shipman, A. and Wheeler, K.(ed.) Investigating The Social World 2, Milton Keynes, The Open University. The Open University   (2016a). 5: Vietnam: Securing the Future through the Formalization of Land-Use Rights [Video] DD103 Investigating the social world. Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=842096section=5 (Accessed: 2/17/2017) The Open University   (2016b). 5.3: Violence Erupts in Vietnam over Land Seizure [Video] DD103 Investigating the social world. Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=842096section=5.3 (Accessed: 2/17/2017) The Open University   (2016c). 6.1: Fisheries in Alanya   DD103 Investigating the social world. Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=842096section=6.1 (Accessed: 2/17/2017) The Open University   (2016d). 6.3: Ostrom: Could this Approach be Scaled up to Global Problems?   [Video] DD103 Investigating the social world. Available at: https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=842096section=6.3 (Accessed: 2/17/2017)

Transformations: The Changes Muslim Women Experience when they are Strong, Smart and Brave :: Arab Muslim Women Essays

Transformations: The Changes Muslim Women Experience when they are Strong, Smart and Brave Works Cited Missing Many stereotypes present in modern day society portray Arab women, or more precisely, Muslim women, as having little to no independence or power. These stereotypes assert that Muslim women are oppressed both physically and psychologically, and that as a result of such outrageous treatment these women are psychologically weak. As with all stereotypes, this is a misconception. Blanket statements announcing one group of people as exhibiting the same characteristics are patently incorrect. The stereotype that Muslim women are all psychologically dependent can never be judged true, because there are always, always, exceptions to such statements. Thanks to the literary talents of three Muslim women authors who demonstrate they are the exception to such a rule, the lives of three powerful and mentally tenacious Muslim women are described in detail and reveal how strong Muslim women, or any woman for that matter can truly be. In Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt the main character experiences a transformation from a dutiful daughter to a strong, liberated woman after the death of her husband. During Leila Al-Atrash’s A Woman of Five Seasons another female protagonist experiences mental rebellion as she copes with conflicting emotions about the man she loves and the man she is supposed to love. Last, in Liyana Badr’s novella A Land of Rock and Thyme. The woman in this story displays tremendous valor and courage when faced with unfathomable tragedies that change her life forever. The common correlation throughout these novels is the amazing strength, intellect, and courage each character displays and how each woman grows stronger as a result of the tragic events that alter their lives. Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt follows Maha and the events in her life that gradually convince her society that she is insane. In truth Maha matures through these events and as an unfortunate result her independence, strength and emotions are translated by society as signs of mental instability. Ironically, Maha is perhaps most mentally stable at the close of the story while institutionalized. Throughout her life Maha demonstrated growing strength in many ways. From an early age she was the sole caretaker of her father’s farm. She would sew and cook and tend the garden and do all of the chores that were meant to be done by her brother, Daffash. Her tenacious resolve to make her father happy and to let him live a pleasant life was frequently thwarted by Daffash’s wayward excursions into the city.

High School Sports Essay -- Essays Papers

High School Sports In high school many kids often choose not to participate in extra curricular activities saying that there pointless or that only a certain type of person would do something like play football, or join the chess club. While this type of thinking may get some people through school and through life, can it really be looked at as being a healthy lifestyle? Today sports have proven to be a healthy outlet for students, in dealing with stress in the classroom at home and among their peers. The â€Å"dumb jock† stereotype we’ve all heard it used before and for some of us have even been called it. However in recent surveys across the United States has found that student-athletes grades are generally higher than non-athletes but often times at the head of their class. One example of this is Laconia High School in Maine, at Laconia, the top-ranked students in the Class of 2003 both play more than one sport. Aaron Stewart, a three-sport standout, is currently ranked No. 1 in the senior class with a 4.43 grade point average. AJ Pattison, an All-State soccer selection and member of the Sachem baseball team, is right behind Stewart with a 4.38 GPA (http://www.fosters.com/2002/news/dec02/dec22_02/sports/sp1222a.asp) Graduation for athletes is also higher than it is for non-athletes are also higher having a 99.5% success rate to 94.5% for regular students. Off the field student athletes have also proven to be great leaders in their respective communities, often times helping out in the neighborhoods with community service. Athletes also seem to have an easier time raising money because people in communities find it easier to donate money or volunteer there time to a local high school sports program. I... ...morable part about that highlight film was the song that was being played in the background, Phil Collins In the Air Tonight. Now this isn’t typically your everyday get excited song but for some reason this song gave me goose bumps every time I heard it. To this day every time I hear this song those memories come flooding back to me along with the goose bumps. Overall sports will always allow players to experience something that not everyone chooses to experience and that is competition. But above all sports does several things that not many activities do and that is build self confidence, create a strong work ethic, teach sportsmanship, it helps maintain student athlete grades, and overall healthy activity. It also does a great job of keeping gets in urban cities that may not have all the options as kids in other areas to stay off the street and out of trouble.

The Distance that Separates us from Shakespeares Merchant of Venice Es

The Distance that Separates us from Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice Without a doubt, Shylock of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice has been a subject of much controversy and debate for scholars and critics worldwide. Specifically, an element of his character that has been thoroughly reviewed is the harshness with which he proposes his bond with Antonio. As contemporary readers of the pound of flesh story we are naturally mortified by the fact that Shylock would call for such barbarous terms. What many of us do not realize is that while we might feel horror about the idea of the bond, the same is not necessarily true for an Elizabethan audience. This story has been a major source of misunderstanding for many of its readers, as it is often interpreted as a demeaning reflection of the nature of the Jew. However, a more careful look at this story, where it may have originated, and what it may have meant to a 16th century audience, may cause us to revaluate this very significant element of the play. The tracing of the possible sources of the story and the examining of the history of usury as well as its position in Elizabethan society may actually serve as testimony on behalf of Shylock and his Jewish identity. A careful look at the text In order to begin a comprehensive analysis of the pound of flesh story, it is important to first compare our reactions with those of the other characters in the play. Examining how Shakespeare has his characters respond can tell us a lot about how his audience most likely would have reacted to the same thing. If Shakespeare’s purpose for the bond was indeed to portray the Jew as vulgar and shockingly inhuman, then he would not have had his characters respond so calml... ...n our ages, the differences must be insisted upon.† He eloquently acknowledges the distance that separates us from Shakespeare and asserts that is, â€Å"When we disregard that distance, that the static of our desire to claim his as our contemporary disrupts his voice, and we listen less to his concerns than to his anticipations of our own.† Works Cited Charlton, Henry. Shakespeare’s Jew. Manchester: The Manchester University Press, 1970. Friedlander, Gerald. Shakespeare and the Jew. London: George Routledge & Sons LTD., 1921., Grebanier, Bernard. The Truth About Shylock. New York: Random House, 1962. Greenblatt, Stephen; Cohen, Walter; Howard, Jean; Maus, Katharine. The Norton Shakespeare . New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997. Watson, Alan. The Law of the Ancient Romans. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1970.

Traffic Signal/Road Marking Detection and Processing :: Driving Traffic Signals Argumentative Essays

Traffic Signal/Road Marking Detection and Processing Humans have visual cues that they naturally use to perceive their motion through the environment. There are numerous human factors that are associated with being able to navigate a vehicle safely while adhering to signal lights, signs and other traffic road markings. There needs to be vast improvement in the way that information is presented to drivers for many reasons. One example is that the placing of the sun during a particular part of the day prohibits one from distinguishing whether a traffic light is green or red. The elderly have difficulties reading certain signs or differentiating among the color of signal lights, even with their glasses on. Most everyone has less visual acuity at night and certain road markings or traffic lights are harder to perceive. Color blind people canÕt always tell the difference between a red light and a green light, and they may also have a hard time seeing brake lights, blinkers, etc. All of the situations mentioned above can lead to serious fatal accidents. Extensive research in this area has been conducted for many years and is still going on today. Driving is a complex task which involves a variety of interactive parallel and serial processes that depend on various visual functions. Vision plays a vital role in safe, proficient driving even though there are other sensory and motor systems that are used in driving. It has been estimated that 90% of the information used in driving is visual and that visual information alone might be sufficient for safe driving (Fox, 1997). Beyond these general statements, it has been difficult to determine what specific visual skills are used for driving that are important. Safe and efficient driving is Òa matter of perceptual-motor sensitivity to perceptual laws of locomotion in a spatiotemporal fieldÓ (Fox, 1997). Specifically, the driver must be aware of two fields: (1) the field of safe travel and (2) the minimum stopping zone. The field of safe travel refers to a field surrounded by actual and potential obstacles to locomotion. The minimum stopping zone refers to a field that is determined by variables like speed, visual/road conditions, etc. Car crashes occur when another car or stationary object is not perceived accurately. In order to guide a vehicle, the driver must (1) abstract important sensory information from the environment, (2) process this information accordingly to complete visuospatial tasks and (3) act accordingly to achieve task goals.

Free Process Essays - How to Organize a Paintball Event :: Expository Process Essays

How to Organize a Paintball Event Ever dream of shooting your boss or coworkers? Perhaps you will get the chance if you offer to organize a company paintball event. It is a great way to promote teamwork and relieve aggression. Even if the coworker from hell is on the same team as you, keep in mind there is such a thing as â€Å"friendly fire† (â€Å"accidentally† shooting someone on your team). The first step is to check out local fields. Some things to look for are, the ratio of referees to players, goggle signs, barrel plugs and personality of the staff. Typically, playing fields are crowded on the weekend. Most fields will open during the week for a group of twenty or more, but do ask. Price is also a consideration; this is an expensive hobby. Expect to pay at least $85 for a case of paint, goggle rental and a paintball marker (gun) rental for a four-hour session. Preferably, try to plan the outing when the weather is comfortable. Playing in the 100 degree Texas heat would be rough on most corporate types. On the day of the event, it is best to dress in layers. Being hit with a paintball does sting. I recommend wearing gloves and a hat as handshots and headshots seem to hurt the most. Wear comfortable shoes, cleats if possible, if not tennis shoes with good tread. Most often, the playing fields are on grass or dirt surfaces. Usually fields have food and drinks for sale but to be on the safe side bring water, as dehydration is common for rookie players. The first stop after arriving at the field is the â€Å"Staging Area†. This area typically has tables to set your equipment on. After picking up the equipment from the staff, the referee will discuss how the markers (guns) work, how to fill the hoppers (what holds the paintballs) and most importantly safety issues. The first is, everyone chronographs their guns to be certain no one is shooting â€Å"hot† over 300 fps (feet per second). Secondly, always wear goggles. Eye injuries are the biggest injury risk of playing paintball and wearing goggles faithfully will prevent it. Thirdly, keep the barrel plug in the gun until the game begins. That way if your finger accidentally pulls the trigger the barrel plug slows down the velocity of the paintball and likely will not cause an injury.